CBC
Guide · Lease structure

FRI leases and the Schedule of Condition

Full repairing and insuring (FRI) is the dominant commercial lease structure in the UK. It places the entire repair and insurance burden on the tenant, and it is precisely this structure that makes a Schedule of Condition essential.

Author
CBC Surveyors
Updated
Updated 2025
Reading time
6 min read

Overview

Under an FRI lease, the tenant covenants to keep the property in repair, decorated, and insured throughout the term, and to yield it up in that condition at lease end. Without a Schedule of Condition, that obligation is interpreted against the standard of a property of similar age and character. With one, the obligation is measured against the documented baseline.

What FRI actually means

"Full repairing and insuring" means the tenant is responsible for all repairs (internal, external and structural where the demise includes structure) and for the insurance of the building (often by way of reimbursing the landlord's insurance premium). It is the most onerous lease structure on the tenant.

The asymmetry FRI creates

An FRI lease places the tenant in the position of repairing a building they may have inherited in poor condition, without any prior obligation to inspect, document or evidence what they took on. The Schedule of Condition corrects that asymmetry by fixing the inherited condition in writing.

Qualifying the repairing covenant

The standard mechanism is a clause in the lease that states the tenant is not required to put or keep the property in any better state of repair than evidenced by the appended Schedule of Condition. Your solicitor will draft and negotiate the precise wording.

IRI and other structures, does the schedule still matter?

On internal repairing and insuring (IRI) leases the tenant's obligation is narrower, but a Schedule of Condition is still valuable. On effective FRI structures (IRI plus service charge for external repairs) the practical exposure is similar to FRI, and the schedule remains highly recommended.

Key takeaways

What to remember

  • 01FRI is the dominant UK commercial lease structure.
  • 02It places the full repair and insurance burden on the tenant.
  • 03Without a Schedule of Condition, the FRI repairing covenant is open-ended.
  • 04The schedule qualifies the covenant by reference to documented condition.
  • 05On effective-FRI and IRI leases, a schedule is still strongly recommended.
Common questions

Frequently asked

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